Psychology Observational Analysis

Psychology Observational AnalysisThe analysis of an individuals behaviour bridges an in-depth understanding of his character and when there is an adequate knowledge about psychology. This reputation discusses a behaviour analysis of the mortal in a coffee give away through bio-psychosocial approach. Based on observation, his age is around 30 to 40 years old. He is busy with his laptop while smoking. He looks restless and stressed. This reality has one knapsack and a paper bag with him. His smoking is obtrusive as he consumes one stick of cig bette per hour. He in addition transferred to the other side of alfresco tables as the surround become creaky. There are three premises discussed on this paper namely Ultradian Rhythms, impact of stress and noise contamination.Ultradian RhythmAs find on the man in the coffee shop, he smokes every hour. The study of psychology suggests Ultradian Rhythms as the reason for this time pattern of smoking common to working people. The man in th e coffee shop could be experiencing this during that time. Ultradian Rhythms work through clock-like regulators that normalize the activities inside the body. These regulators are found in the oesophagus, heart, pancreas, lungs, and brains. These are normal body phases that take place in a daytime for every 90-120 minutes. Within this period, the brains and body sends clues indicating the need for having a break and change in physical and psychological activity (Rossi Lloyd, 2008, p.195). The man in the coffee shop is possibly experiencing this Ultradian Rhythm in his smoking habit. Although smoking does not enhance ones well-being, smokers use the limited time during short breaks to smoke as it is their best way to maximize the time. Some people use their short breaks for taking a nap or drinking coffee. When smoking, the signals are often unadorned with the physical movements of a person. The man in the coffee shop shows these movements such as stretching, resting his back on t he wall, yawning, physical discomfort and frequent urination. When these actions are noticeable on him, he would light a cigarette and smoke. These actions are usually not recognized by people resulting to neglect. On the other hand, ignoring these signals casings a person to resort to artificial stimulants such as alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine (Cain, 2006, p.6). Similar to the man in the coffee shop, smoking is his way to cope with the signals. Moreover, disregarding these signals may also cause fatigue, anxiety, and physical and mental illness. Hence, his actions before and while he smokes are signals indicating a need for rest or change in activity.StressAnother assumption with regards to his smoking addiction is of course, his obvious stress. Stress can cause headaches or poor health and it makes people feel short-tempered, worried or low. As observed at the subject, he looks stressful and restless and these trigger his smoking habits. People who experience a lot of stress f ind relaxation when smoking a cigarette. This ineffective dealing with stress has many harmful effects to a body. On the other hand, people do not only smoke to scale down stress. Some people experience stress when they start to quit smoking. Hence, it is difficult for people to quit smoking since its effects are stressful too.There is no scientific study that proves the 100% effectiveness of nicotine to lessen the stress. However, according to University of southwesternern Florida (2000), brain releases neurotransmitters when a person is smoking a cigarette. Other chemicals such as beta-endorphin and epinephrine can give a better feeling to a person within a limited time. Hence, nicotine can somehow improve a persons mood within a short time and lessen the feeling of stress. On the other hand, smokers often perceive smoking a cigarette as a break from thinking too much of a task and handling stress (Azagba Sharaf, 2011, p.2). This sensation is short-term and rapidly directs to detachment symptoms and more than cravings. Hence, smoking can divert a persons attention from his troubles into something less stressful thoughts. The man in the coffee shop is manifestly stressed as obvious to his physical appearance and he finds relaxation when smoking.Noise PollutionThere are also other observations on the man in the coffee shop. Another thing about the man is his loss of concentration when being disturbed. His facial expressions show his deep annoyance. Given that he sits in the middle of alfresco tables, he transferred to the other side of the coffee shop as the surroundings are becoming noisy. This behaviour is common to people curiously those that need a high level of concentration to do a specific task. How does noise affect ones concentration? Noise pollution is not a physical contaminant but it is present in form of sound waves. It messes with essentially occurring waves within an environment. It is usually present in humanity places especially in tr ansportation sites such as road, airport, pier and train stations. It affects a persons hearing and cardiovascular health. In addition, it may also affect ones potency and can increase the risk of social conflict. According to Daniel Vastfjalls study on noise sensitivity (2002), a person who is experiencing a bad day is more likely to experience irritation more than those who are not. Based on this research, people who are deadened to noise and not in a good mood are less likely to respond with annoyance (Missouri horse opera State University, 2006, para.7). If the noise results to perturbation of an activity, noise is more expected to irritate a person. Hence, if a person is in bad mood and the surroundings are noisy, he or she is more likely to respond with anger, annoyance and displeasure. The man in the coffee shop manifests such negative response given his unhelpful mood combined with the noisy surrounding. Moreover, the noise influences his health directly through annoyance .The overall behaviour of the man in the coffee shop is a result of his effortless routine and natural response to the surroundings. During the interval of one hour, he is not informed that he needs a break and thus, he smokes a cigarette to relax himself from work. On the other hand, his stress probably accumulates on him day by day. Lastly, his mood for the day as well the surroundings trigger him to get annoyed and to plosive speech sound away from the noisy crowd. The bio-psychosocial analysis on the man in the coffee shop helped with his overall behaviours assessment. To sum up everything, stress, noise and daily routine are the triggers of the mans negative behaviour and actions. He copes with stress ineffectively by smoking and his annoyance in noisy surroundings is a result of his sensitivity to noise.ReferencesAzagba,S., Sharaf,M. (2011). The effect of job stress on smoking and alcohol consumption.Springer Open Journal,1(15), 1-14. Retrieved from http//www.healtheconomic sreview.com/content/pdf/2191-1991-1-15.pdfCain,A. (2006).The Psychology of Smoking(01273 732690). Retrieved from US DHHS website http//www.emotionalhealth.co.uk/psychology-of-smoking.pdfMissouri Western State University (2006, August 5).Does Noise Sensitivity Affect A ReaderS Concentration?RetrievedFebruary14, 2014, from http//clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/manuscripts/812.phpRossi,E., Lloyd,D. (2008).Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind A New Vision of Life. OH, USA Springer.University of South Florida (2000).A Guide To Remaining Smoke Free. RetrievedFebruary14, 2014, from https//www.sc.edu/healthycarolina/pdf/facstaffstu/tobacco/SmokingStressAndMood.pdfVastfjall,D. (2002). Influences of current mood and noise sensitivity on judgments of noise annoyance.The Journal of Psychology. Retrieved from https//vmacs.vmth.ucdavis.edu/userpages/spzeck/Noise/Noise3.txt

Properties of Some Ayurvedic Bhasmas

Properties of Some Ayurvedic BhasmasInvestigation of Structure, Microbiological and Cytotoxic Properties of Some Ayurvedic BhasmasIntroductionAyurveda is the handed-down Hindu practice of medication system practiced extensively in South Asia. In Sanskrit, the word Ayurveda is basic ally made of two components, Ayush life and Veda science and fellowship. This states clearly that science of life is Ayurveda. From ancient period Ayurvedic medicine is in exercising with the objectives i) to enhance health status physically, mentally and spiritually free of illness and ii) to therapeutic disease with the wait on of natural diet, medicine. In ancient period if people get sick and injured there was a trend of use of medicine which is also known as folk medicine. Use of Bhasmas as Ayurvedic medicine has been known from as an alternative medicine. Use of traditional medicine includes Ayurveda, Ancient Iraninan, Korean and African medicine. But recently WHO has noniced that use of th ese medicines in inappropriate way may give some negative and toxic results. And enquiry usage is to be through with(p) for its safety and ascertinity. These days microorganisms are common organisms for causing disease (Shubha Hiremath, 2010). Some of them can be cured with daily hygienic processes save most of them can be removed and recovered with the use of medicines. Ayurveda is the traditional Hindu medicine system practiced extensively in South Asia.Ayurvedic medicine has wide range of composition, which also includes Bhasmas. Literally, Bhasma is something that is obtained from the process of calcination. Generally, calcination and incineration of any gem or metal substance is performed to prepare such formulations and used in any medicative purpose as Ayurvedic medicine (Kumar Pal, 2015).The Bhasmas are prepared from metals like gold, silver, iron, lead, mercury and arsenic and so on (see Tables 1 and 2). Metal constituent are alleged(a) to have positive impact to hum an health through Ayurvedic perspective. However, in modern synthetic medicine heavy metal are considered toxic. The objective of this instruction is to bear witness the impacts of these drugs on growth of microorganism. Lead, mercury and arsenic is considered as the harmful compound that may lead to antithetical kinds of disease especially cancer (Patra, Bhattacharya, Mukhopadhyay, Mukherjee, 2010).The accept in this cultivate is to analyze the selected Bhasma drugs with respect to their expression, perform their disinfectant susceptibility tests and also to analyze the cytotoxic moment towards the cell lines. Furthermore, if there is any antimicrobial and cytotoxic behavior of the drugs, the attempts will be made to answer the following questionsIs the given Bhasmas effect related to the presence of heavy metal compound?Is the effect the result of other materials that has been added for the preparation of that Ayurvedic Bhasma?Table 1. Some of the Bhasmas intended to be studied in the proposed work S. no(prenominal)Name of BhasmaContent (metal)1Parad atomic number 802HartalArsenic3ManoshilaArsenic4NaagLead5ShisakLead6Kajjalihydrargyrum7Ras sindurMercury8KajjaliMercury9JasadaZinc10LohaIron11RajatSilver12SwornaGoldTabl 2 Some Bhasmas that are produced by calcination of corresponding mineral compounds S. No.NameSource1CouryCowry shell2AbrakaMica3MugaCoral4SankhaConch shell5SipiOyster shell6MotiPearl shellAyurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine dating back to 5000BC. Literally the science of life, it uses animal, envisiont, mineral and metal based medicines to cure diseases. (Barve, Mashru, Jagtap, Pargiri, Prajapati, 2011) (Patwardhan Mashelkar, 2009) A part of Ayurveda called Rasasatra is concerned with drugs of the metal-mineral occupation, their processing technique, properties and therapeutic applications (Sarkar, Das, Prajapati, 2010). In Ayurveda, the drugs with mineral origin are considered more effective than those of animal and plant origin. Generally, metal minerals in the authentic form are toxic, non-absorbable and dont have medicinal significance. Therefore, are transformed by various monetary standard protocols before being used as drug. Pharmaceuticals with the metal minerals origin are called Bhasmas. Bhasmas is a calcined powder of mineral, metal, gems (Sangale, Suryawanshi, Chikate, Khot, 2014).Sworna (Gold) Bhasmas, Rajata (Silver) Bhasmas, Tamra (Copper) Bhasma, Loha (Iron) Bhasmas, Jasada (Zinc) Bhasmas and ashes of the minerals like Caury (cowry shells), Muga (corals), Sankha (conch shell), Sipi (oyster shell) and others have been extensively used as Bhasmas in Ayurvedic medicine (Adhikari, 2014) (Krishnamachary, et al., 2012) (Sarkar, Das, Prajapati, 2010) (Wadekar, Rode, Bendale, Patil, Prabhune, 2005). The importance of the proper dose and way of judgeship of Ayurvedic drugs has been studied. It has been found that improper application of the Bhasmas lead to the death of the patients . The death is due to the accumulation of the heavy metals in the soft cells (Sarkar, Das, Prajapati, 2010) (Kapoor, 2010). However, heavy metals are drugs if they are supplied inwardly recommended limits on their labels for plant and animal. Preparation methods determine the therapeutic efficiency as well as level of toxicity of the Bhasmas (Nagarajan, Rajan, Krishnan, Sethuraman, 2014).Formulation of Bhasmas based on standard protocol reveals nanostructured morphology. These metallic nanoparticles are taken along with milk, butter, honey, ghee which eliminate their harmful effects and intensify their biocompatibility (Formulation, 2014). Jasada Bhasma has been used for treatment of diabetes, arthritis and tuberculosis. Rajata Bhasma is used to cure muscles wasting, brain diseases and neuronic disorder. Similarly, Sworna Bhasma is used for arthritis and rheumatoid (Adhikari, 2014) (Patwardhan Mashelkar, 2009). These are the ancient formulation of the metal and minerals based drugs in Ayurveda. In modern medicine, the trend of the using the metal nanoparticle is increasing for stage set diseases. Modern nanoparticles through a several chemical modifications are used in the preparation of the nanodrugs. young trend on modern medicine shows that nanoparticles from gold, silver, iron, coat can be used against several chronic diseases. Gold nanoparticles have high therapeutic potential to fight against cancer and act as drug delivery vehicles (Khan, Vishakante, Siddaramaiah, 2013) (Dobrovolskaia McNeil, 2007) (Patra, Bhattacharya, Mukhopadhyay, Mukherjee, 2010).Therefore, the systematic studies of the many Bhasmas are still behind the horizon. Such Bhasmas may have potential for higher therapeutic values for curing chronic diseases. So, to investigate the science behind the different Ayurvedic Bhasmas, in particular with respect to their structiure-properties correlations, and their medicinal values will be the topic of the proposed project.The propos ed research will include different interesting questions which will be attempted to solve in the course of the use up.What is the physico-chemical and microscopic structure of the given Bhama? Is it a kind of nanomedicine with respect to its structure? What is the real chemical compositions?How do Bhasmas differ with respect to their microbiological effects on the human body?Will the Bhasma show significant cytotoxic effect that towards diseased cells? How will the normal cell lines respond?Can a correlation be established mingled with the structure and properties of the Bhasmas?Although heavy metals have proven poisonous effects and have a predominantly unfavorable reputation in the modern scientific society, these have been used as pharmaceutical agents since archetypical century B.C. Traditional literature like Rasatarangini, Charaksamita, Rasratnasammuchaya compiled the processing, manufacturing and therapeutic application of heavy metal containing drugs. Different studies show that formulation with heavy metal has toxic effect. The toxicity level depends upon various factors such as processing of cranky materials, method and amount of consumption. Heavy metals with nanoscopic structure are generally absorbable inside cell. Recent trend also shows that nanoparticles of gold, arsenic, silver have pharmaceutical potentiality. Thats why well documented study on Bhasmas prepared from heavy metals is needed for their appropriate use as well as for the proper understanding of their structure-properties relationships.Preliminary works have been performed in a transformation of Ayurvedic drugs including some drugs comprising Arsenic compounds (Harital) by the research group comprising the some of these members of the present consortium (Panta, Bhandari and Lamsal, and Adhikari 2017). Microscopic, spectroscopic and antibacterial tests were performed on some of the drugs. The compounds exhibited quite strong antibacterial activities again gigabyte positive a nd gram negative bacteria. Nanomechanical aspects of the Bhamsa drugs were also review some time ago to find the parallel between modern nanomedicine and ancient ayurvedic Bhasma (Adhikari, 2014). Thus, there is a sufficient downplay information and nalaytical skill in the research group to perform successfully the proposed research works.The proposed work is aimed at the investigation of physico-chemical structure as well as microbiological and cytotoxic properties of different Bhasmas.To elucidate the composition and structure of Bhasma.To see the positive effect of components, present in Bhasma.To study the toxicity of Bhasma on microorganisms and cell lines.To bridge over the gap between modern medicine and traditional medicine practice.The research will begin with detail literature survey to eliminate the possibility of extra and to determine possibility of conflict of interest. The commercial Bhasma will be collected and example preparation will be done in accordance to th e accessibility of Bhasma in the market while strictly following the procedure described in the Ayurvedic books. Pertinent physical and chemical properties will be studied and the sample will be sent for characterization. X-Ray Diffraction, Optical Microscopy, Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopic Analysis will be performed. After characterization, based on the composition, the proper resolving for the drugs to enter the cell will be selected. Biological assay will then be carried out according to standard protocol. The assays include anti-microbial, cytotoxicity and antidiabetic. The obtained results of all to a higher place tests will be compile and analyzed manually or using computer software wherever applicable. The report will then be prepared. The supra process is illustrated in the flowchart below. The research plan including the anylytical procedure is depicted in Scheme 1.Scheme 1 Flowsheet depicting the analytical and research plan for the proposed work It has been pr oved by earlier studies that the Bhasmas prepared after using standard protocol should reveal nanoparticles which are thus expected to show anti-microbial military action against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. It is the topic to explorer the opportunities that the Bhasmas might exhibit pharmaceutical potentiality against cancer, diabetic and HIV/ AIDS. This study is expected to deliver the following vector sum after completion of the works.Provide necessary scientific foundation for structure and composition of the Bhasmas.This study may be able to clarify the issue of contradiction in terms related to the statement telling Ayurvedic formulations with heavy metals are toxic to health.The study will deliver the structure-antibacterial properties correlations of very important traditional medicinal practice of the country.LimitationsThis study does not cover any Ayurvedic formulation based on herbs and animals.This research does not include detail mechanism of action of the Bhasmas on tested parameters.This work does not associate in any way to the psychological, psychiatric and social impacts that might arrive after the use of Bhasmas.DelimitationsThis project will bring Ayurveda from accessory medicine to main stream treatment practice.This work may change the notion that heavy metals in all form are detrimental to health.The facilities getable in the laboratory in the REACST will be primarily sufficient for performing major part of the study. Some of the samples have to be sent to other laboratories.This study associates with a variety of people who have been working with Bhasmas as family business for many generations.The result of this work, if contradicting with their practices, might affect their livelihood.The formulation of Bhasmas will be done in isolated condition using standard protocol and also focus to minimize metal hazards during study.This project does not incorporate all the aspects of heavy metals impact in body. Thus, any action based sol ely on this work might cause on foreseen effects.S.NTask to be doneTentative time1Literature review8 weeks2Chemical and instrument collection4 weeks3Commercial sample collection4 weeks4Sample preparation16 weeks5Characterization16 weeks6Biological AssayAntimicrobial test4 weeksCytotoxicity (Anti-cancer)6 weeksAnti-diabetic10 weeks7Data Analysis8 weeks8Preparation of initial draft of report8 weeks9Finalization of report12 weeksTotal Time96 weeks = 1 year 10 monthEstimated BudgetS. No.Title Amount (Rs.)1.ChemicalFormulationRs. 30,000/-Antimicrobial testRs. 30,000/-Cytotoxicity testRs. 40,000/-Antidiabetics testRs. 40,000/-2.InstrumentsRs. 1,50,000/-3.Commercial SampleRs. 10,000/-4.Transportation and Courier for CharacterizationRs. 40,000/-5.Stationary and LogisticsRs. 30,000/-6.Miscellaneous (printing, binding, communications etc.)Rs. 20,000/-7.Laboratory chemicalsRs. 60,000/-TotalRs. 4,50,000/-Today nano-medicine is emerging as new revolution worldwide and has several promises. The exploration of nano-formulations in medical field has made us to dream of several opportunities. The study of the Bhasmas will help to gain those goals. There is higher chance of innovation of new drugs by mixing the indigenous knowledge with modern technology of drug discovery and delivery. These efforts on Bhasmas are directed toward finding solution to crucial issues of infectious disease and in particular tackling with more vulnerability the comeback of diabetics, HIV/AIDS and the withering spread of cancer in world. However, more effort has to be done to uplift the potentiality of Bhasmas to that of modern nanodrugs. More research is desirable which explore the co-relation between structural nature and mechanism associated with their therapeutic activity. This study can provide pathway to enhance the use of traditional Ayurvedic medicine and helps to preserve the traditional knowledge.References Adhikari, R. (2014). Ayurvedic Bhasmas Overview on Nanomaterialistic Aspects, App lications, and Perspectives. Infectious Diseases and Nanomedicine I, 23-32. inside10.1007/978-81-322-1777-0_3Barve, M., Mashru, M., Jagtap, C., Pargiri, B. J., Prajapati, P. K. (2011). Therapuetic potentials of metals in ancient India A review through Charaka Samhita. ledger of Ayurveda and Intregative Medicine, 2(2), 55-63. Retrieved from http//imsear.hellis.org/handle/123456789/172982Dobrovolskaia, M. A., McNeil, S. E. (2007). Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials. Nature nanotechnology, 2(8), 469-478. doi10.1038/nnano.2007.223Formulation, c. a.-m. (2014). Rasheed, Arun Naik, Madhu Haneefa, Kotappadath Pillanayil Mohammed Kumar, Raveendran Pillai Arun Azeem, Abdul Kharim. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci, 27(4), 793-800. Retrieved from http//applications.emro.who.int/imemrf/Pak_J_Pharm_Sci/Pak_J_Pharm_Sci_2014_27_4_793_800.pdfKapoor, R. C. (2010). Some observations on the metal-based preparations in Indian systems of medicine. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(3). Ret rieved from http//hdl.handle.net/2248/3544Khan, M. S., Vishakante, G. D., Siddaramaiah, H. (2013). Gold nanoparticles a paradigm shift in biomedical applications. Advances in colloid and interface science, 199, 44-58. doi10.1016/j.cis.2013.06.003Krishnamachary, B., Rajendran, N., Pemiah, B., Krishnaswamy, S., Krishnan, U. M., Sethuraman, S., Sekar, R. K. (2012). Scientific substantiation of the different purification steps involved in the preparation of an Indian Ayurvedic medicine, Lauha bhasma. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 142(1), 98-104. doi10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.021Kumar Pal, S. (2015). The Ayurvedic Bhasma The Ancient Science of Nanomedicine. Recent Patents on Nanomedicine, 5(1), 12-18.Nagarajan, S. a., Rajan, K., Krishnan, U., Sethuraman, S. (2014). Scientific insights in the preparation and characterisation of a lead-based naga bhasma. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 76(1), 38-45. Retrieved from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4007254/Panta, P, Bhan dari, T. R, Lamsal B., and Adhikari, R. unpublished results (2017)Patra, C. R., Bhattacharya, R., Mukhopadhyay, D., Mukherjee, P. (2010). Fabrication of gold nanoparticles for targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 62(3), 346-361. doi10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.007Patwardhan, B., Mashelkar, R. A. (2009). Traditional medicine-inspired approaches to drug discovery Can Ayurveda show the way forward. Drug discovery today, 14(15), 804-811. doi10.1016/j.drudis.2009.05.009Sangale, M. D., Suryawanshi, M., Chikate, C., Khot, R. (2014). Comparative studies and analysis of Jasandand Nag bhasma prepared by different Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research, 2(4). Retrieved from http//rspublication.com/ijst/2014/april14/29.pdfSarkar, P. K., Das, S., Prajapati, P. K. (2010). Ancient concept of metal pharmacology based on Ayurvedic literature. Ancient science of life, 29(4), 1-6.Shubha, S. H., Hiremath, R. S. (20 10). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Rasaka Bhasma. AYU An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda, 31(2), 260-262.Wadekar, M. P., Rode, C. V., Bendale, Y. N., Patil, K. R., Prabhune, A. A. (2005). Preparation and characterization of a copper based Indian traditional drug Tamra bhasma. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 39(5), 951-955. doi10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.015Association to national PriorityAyurvedic drugs are indigenous technology of Nepal. The practice incorporates a wide variety of social groups during the raw material collection, purification, processing, delivery and prescription of medicine. Moreover, the need of raw materials opens door to industrial and entrepreneur investment. The work we have proposed thus can impact a variety of national priority which will be described in detail belowBhasma is found to have significant effect on the cure of tuberculosis. They are also expected to cure diabetes, cancer and other non-communicab le diseases. The reduction of these communicable and non-communicable disease is a part of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). The formulations studied in our work can play a major role in meeting the SDG as well as in improving the health indicators not covered in SDG but is a common health problem in Nepal such as rheumatic and skin disease SDGThe production and public exposure of Bhasma is a multi-step process requiring a variety of manpower. It demands unskilled manpower for labor works necessary in all steps, semi-skilled manpower for the production and distribution of medicines as well as skilled manpower like doctors, chemists, administrators to supervise the whole operation. Hence understanding and commercialization of Bhasma can significantly contribute to employ not only local manpower but also help bring back the manpower currently outside Nepal.Bhasma is unquestionably the local intellectual piazza of Nepal which requires protection before it becomes the victim of modern medicine hegemony and strange trademark. This work will be a step to the documentation, standardization and recognition of the ancient knowledge which is not yet accepted as a scientific truth. Understanding and patenting the rights in the country will prevent local knowledge from being foreign property. This project is also a step towards proper documentation and preservation of rare and endangered books.Preparation of Bhasma is a traditional example of top-down nanofabrication. Nanoscience and nanotechnology is a burning research field. However, only a handful of work has been done in this field. Government as well as private investors are disinclined to investment on nanoscience. This project can be an invitation to industries as well as academia to focus on nanomaterial synthesis and use to solution of familiar problem.

Japan: Social Customs :: essays research papers

The information provided, talks about family traditions, marriage customs, and education in Japan. I think the way marriages be setup in Japan are much different than thus of the United States. Family roles are also very different. In Japan, it is common for newly espouse couples to live by themselves until their parents get old. Many couples intend to live with their parents only after spending years all by themselves. However, if the husband is not in a position to support his parents, which means most of the time that he is not the first child of the parents, they dont plan to live with them. With this tendency, the housing industry is prosperous. addition of the nuclear family is generating a fashion in housing, that is Nisetai-jutaku. The word literally means a "house for two generations". An example of this is a two-storied house first-floor for older slew, second-floor for junior throng, one kitchen, one toilet, and sometimes one bathroom. Japanese people love t o have a company in Western style, and a Wedding party is of no exception. Almost all wedding halls have a miniature of a Japanese shrine inside, to have a new couple swearing their marriage to the Japanese God, as well as many rooms to celebrate their wedding in Western style after the vow. A bride wears a pure-white Japanese Kimono (Shiro-muku) in front of the God at first. Then she changes it to a colorful Kimono at the beginning of the wedding party, then again to a handsome Western-style in the middle of the party and finally to a pure-white wedding dress (Western-style). Changing clothes in the middle of the party is called oiro-naoshi.However, recently some people prefer the tendency of simplification, so they choose the way in simple styles, sometimes without oiro-naoshi or even without the party itself. Of course, there also exist people who love to have their wedding party even in a bigger way.Japans school-age children attend school regularly. Attendance is required thr ough the lower take of secondary school. Children begin nursery school when they are about three. At six, they begin elementary school at twelve, middle school. Any student who has end middle school may enroll in high school, which offers either a technical or a college preparatory course of instruction.

Love, Death and Transformation in Ginger Snaps Essay -- Film Movie Gi

Love, Death and variety in spice Snaps On the surface, Ginger Snaps toilet be easily pink-slipped by critics as a typical B-rated teen-turned-werewolf movie. What distinguishes this movie from other repulsion films, however, is its subversion of the traditional perspective of its genre. The transformation in the film is suffered by Ginger Fitzgerald, a sixteen-year-old girl. This lycanthropy coincides with Gingers first menstrual period, making the subject matter metaphoric for the often fearful transition into the sexuality and identity formation of adulthood. Moreover, the relationship surrounded by Ginger and her sister Brigitte deteriorates in such a way that is also emblematic of the human psyches conflicts. As their paths diverge in the film, each sister is confronted with the instincts of love and death or aggression Eros and Thanatos in Freuds terms. The focus on here will be to view these salient themes in Ginger Snaps done the lens of Freudian analysis. More speci fically, this paper will analyze the mental conflict due to complications of the instinct toward love or aggression, as represented in the metaphorical transition into adolescence and the relationship between the two sisters.The Sisters Ginger and Brigitte Fitzgerald take a close relationship that becomes challenged as the narrative progresses. Ginger, who is a year older, is the more dominant, while Brigitte takes a more subordinate role. Both girls are deeply bloomers, and in Freudian terms, their outlooks and relationship with one another can be seen as the result of an extension of their latency periods. The girls do not deal considerably with their transition into adolescencethey recognize the budding sexuality of their peers and are th... ...emale sexuality or the emasculation undertones. Female viewers, on the other hand, could be angered by the video of female sexuality as being something monstrous and almost inhuman. This is the kind of response, however, that can bring into a dialogue contemporary societys prevailing notions of sexuality. BIBLIOGRAPHY Class Reader, Glossary. Freud and the literary Imagination. Compiled by ProfessorRichard Gray, 2006. Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id. The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay. juvenile YorkW.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1989. Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and its Discontents. The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay.New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1989. Ginger Snaps. Dir. John Fawcett. Story Karen Walton & John Fawcett. Perf. EmilyPerkins, Katharine Isabelle. Lions Gate International, 2000. Love, Death and Transformation in Ginger Snaps Essay -- Film Movie GiLove, Death and Transformation in Ginger Snaps On the surface, Ginger Snaps can be easily dismissed by critics as a typical B-rated teen-turned-werewolf movie. What distinguishes this movie from other horror films, however, is its subversion of the traditional perspective of its genre. The transformation in the film is suf fered by Ginger Fitzgerald, a sixteen-year-old girl. This lycanthropy coincides with Gingers first menstrual period, making the subject matter metaphorical for the often fearful transition into the sexuality and identity formation of adulthood. Moreover, the relationship between Ginger and her sister Brigitte deteriorates in such a way that is also emblematic of the human psyches conflicts. As their paths diverge in the film, each sister is confronted with the instincts of love and death or aggression Eros and Thanatos in Freuds terms. The focus here will be to view these salient themes in Ginger Snaps through the lens of Freudian analysis. More specifically, this paper will analyze the psychical conflict due to complications of the instinct toward love or aggression, as represented in the metaphorical transition into adolescence and the relationship between the two sisters.The Sisters Ginger and Brigitte Fitzgerald share a close relationship that becomes challenged as t he narrative progresses. Ginger, who is a year older, is the more dominant, while Brigitte takes a more subordinate role. Both girls are late bloomers, and in Freudian terms, their outlooks and relationship with one another can be seen as the result of an extension of their latency periods. The girls do not deal well with their transition into adolescencethey recognize the budding sexuality of their peers and are th... ...emale sexuality or the castration undertones. Female viewers, on the other hand, could be angered by the characterization of female sexuality as being something monstrous and almost inhuman. This is the kind of response, however, that can bring into a dialogue contemporary societys prevailing notions of sexuality. BIBLIOGRAPHY Class Reader, Glossary. Freud and the Literary Imagination. Compiled by ProfessorRichard Gray, 2006. Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id. The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay. New YorkW.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1989. Freud, Sigmund. Civilizatio n and its Discontents. The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay.New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1989. Ginger Snaps. Dir. John Fawcett. Story Karen Walton & John Fawcett. Perf. EmilyPerkins, Katharine Isabelle. Lions Gate International, 2000.

Cancer Taking Lives :: Personal Narrative Writing

Cancer Taking LivesThe East Pennsboro elementary school raised bills for a statue at a local park. The statue was a ring of children that were holding hands. There was one child missing the link was broken. The statue was dedicated to East Pennsboro students that did non make it to their graduation. My sophomore year of high school inspired this piece of artwork. Mid December during my sophomore year I found out that a helpmate of mine had lost her struggle with cancer. Tiffanie was diagnosed with two rare forms of ovarian cancer during seventh grade. Having either type of cancer is very rare, so the point that she had both types was unbelievable. I had been best friends with Tiffanie during elementary school. We had lost touch in middle school, but our friendship never ended. She had her ups and downs during her illness, but I never evaluate her cancer to be fatal. I was told at the beginning of December that the doctors didnt expect her to live until Christmas. Because she was in my grade, my class sent cards to her. I make a funny story about the two of us growing up. I sent the story with an angle ornament. Christmas had to be celebrated early this year, and I thought that an angel would be appropriate. If anything did happen to her, her mom could keep the ornament in memory of her. She died a week later at the young shape up of 16. I found out about her death two days after it occurred. I was in church getting ready to play my transverse flute in the choir. My best friend was with me. I guess she knew that I didnt see the news. I can remember still remember what she said. She told me that she was at a friends house on Friday night. They were getting ready for a dance that I did not go to. Her mom told them that something had happened. She conveyed the message to me by grammatical construction MegI think that Tiff died. She couldnt just tell, because she knew that I would be devastated, but I knew that it was no mistake. I ran to the bathroom and be gan to grieve for my friend who never even got to receive her drivers license. That night, I watched the news. Her cancer story had been televised for years, so when she finally past, the local news stations began showing clips of her throughout her life as a final memorial.

Crime in America Essay -- essays research papers

Parole (early release from prison) is often referred to as the back door to the US corrections system. The concept of unloose dates back to the administration of the Elmira Reformatory. The goal of the Elmira Reformatory was to rehabilitate and reform the criminal instead of following the traditional method of silence, obedience, and labor. Parole was originally unsex up to encourage prisoners to do well, keep their noses clean, and become model prisoners. Once a prisoner had shown rehabilitation and reform they were released prior to the execution of their full sentence. Before a prisoner open fire be released on parole he/she must meet before a parole board. Each prison with a parole system is set up with one of two types of parole services. Service one is the independent model. Like its name says it is independent, independent from any other state agency. Meaning that its parole officers do not work for the corrections system. This enables them to be more bias and fair with their decisions. Service two is the consolidated model. This model is ran by the corrections system and is under the direction of the commissioner of corrections. The consolidated model does not give its members the ability to be bias. They have to bite their tongues in some instances as to not ruffle the feathers of those appointed over them. No matter which model is in place if not used correctly it is a failure. In most states the members of the parole board are appointed by the governor and serve a term of...